Transfusion reaction in a case with the rare Bombay blood group Study

Transfusion reaction in a with the rare Bombay blood group - Case Study Example An occurrence of antigen H, synthesized by H gene, determines the expression of the A and B antigens. The antigen is a substrate for enzymes A and B transferases encoded by ABO blood group genes present on chromosome 19 of the human genome. Due to the absence of transferases in O group, H substance persists on the RBCs leading to the inability of Bombay phenotype patients to synthesize the two antigens. In addition, ABH antigens do not exist in their red blood cells. When transfuse with incompatible blood groups, a hemolytic reaction occurs in Bombay phenotypic recipients. Misdiagnosis in through blood group determination is prevalent in patients with the Bombay phenotype. Bombay phenotype individuals exhibit a high presence of anti-H in their plasma (Shahshahani et al., 2013). The strong presence of antigen H explains the occurrence of hemolytic reaction when transfused with any other blood type apart from Bombay phenotype blood group. Hemolysis is a prerequisite for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) responsible for the symptoms witnessed in the patient. Decreasing cases of misdiagnosis in blood group determination entails incorporating reverse blood grouping together with O control cells to enhance identification of Bombay phenotype donors. Shahshahani, H. J., Vahidfar, M. R., & Khodaie, S. A. (2013). Transfusion reaction in a case with the rare Bombay blood group.  Asian Journal of Transfusion Science, 7(1),

Perpetual Motion Machine Essay Example for Free

Perpetual Motion Machine Essay Physicists say that it is impossible to create a perpetual motion machine, a machine whose own activity keeps it running perpetually. What energy principle precludes the possibility of a perpetual motion machine? In the Universe where we live and where such a device would work, laws govern the habitation and processes that occur here. One of such laws is the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy is conserved in the universe by being converted from one form to another.    This is a universal law. It precludes the creation of this kind of machine in perpetual motion; this is because the machine would deplete its conversion in line with the principle of diminishing returns, by conversion to other forms of energy. Even with the production of heat and reduction of efficiency to les than 100%, energy use per motion would not be sufficient to maintain further motion programmed into the machine.   As a result, the motion would eventually cease to continue. It is obvious from the foregoing that physicists are correct that in postulating that perpetual motion machine can not be created because it violates the law of conservation of energy.   It appears that the law can be consistent with the second law of motion, Law of inertia. But in essence, it violates the universal law.

Sharing Pirated MP3’s :: File Sharing Essays

Sharing Pirated MP3’s The sharing of MP3 music and its legality is a major issue in our legal system at this time. It has been a battle in the courts for several years now. It all began with the legendary downfall of the original bad boy of sharing, Napster. Despite the legal actions of the music industry, the file sharing community continues to thrive. Millions of users still log on to a handful of programs and illegally trade MP3’s and other computer programs. College students are suspected to be one of the major culprits of People to People file sharing. A survey was conducted in order to obtain an understanding of why students of James Madison University would use People to People sharing programs. More importantly, it was to gain insight into the ethical outlook of students in concern to the sharing of MP3 music files. The survey attempts to determine why, in light of the ethical issue and possible legal repercussions, do JMU students still trade illegally pirated music? The survey was composed of ten multiple choice questions and administered to twenty random students. The students were taken from various areas around the campus in order to obtain a wide variety of responses. It sought to have respondents who were of various age, race, and sex. The surveys were handed out in a classroom, a dining hall, and an events committee meeting for the University Programming Board. Students remained anonymous to the administer and their confidentiality was assured. Most of the students filled out the survey with relative ease and only had to debate on a couple of the questions. Several students were kind enough to give a few extra minutes of their time for various follow up questions. I began to ask students which questions gave them the most trouble. Many felt the last question, asking if downloading MP3’s for free is ethical, was the most thought provoking question. Nineteen of the twenty students surveyed downloaded MP3’s. Fourteen said they felt it was unethical to download the MP3’s, yet most of them continue to download. The question seemed to stimulate an ethical debate inside the respondents of which they had trouble answering. A vast majority of the students simply do not care about pushing ethics aside and continue to download pirated music.

Destiny in Madame Bovary :: Madame Bovary Essays

Destiny in Madame Bovary      Ã‚   Destiny: the seemingly inevitable succession of events.1   Is this definition true, or do we, as people in real life or characters in novels, control our own destiny? Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary exemplifies how we hold destiny in our own hands, molding it with the actions we take and the choices we make. Flaubert uses Emma Bovary, the main character of his novel, to demonstrate this. Throughout her life, Emma makes many decisions, each one of them affecting her fate and by analyzing these decisions one could see from the beginning that Emma is destined to suffer. However, one can also pinpoint such decisions making events as her marriage, her daughter's birth, her adulterous relationship with Leon and her taking the poison, as times when, if she had made a different decision, her life would not have ended as tragically.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we first meet Emma, the future Madame Bovary, we perceive her as being a woman who is refined perhaps a bit more than the average peasant girl living on a farm. We conclude this because she attended a boarding school where she was taught "dancing, geography, needlework and piano." (p.15) Charles, on the other hand, gives her more credit than she deserves. He regards her as well very educated, sophisticated, sensitive and loving, with the last characteristic being the one she lacks most. Soon after Emma marries Charles we see her unhappiness, and we are faced with a dilemma, why did she marry him? There are numerous possible answers to this, but the end conclusion is the same: if she had not married him it would have been better for both of them. Emma would not have been so miserable and depressed throughout her life and Charles would have found someone who would return his love and who would appreciate him. Throughout the novel Emma never expresses her appreciation for her husband. On the contrary, she often expresses her loathing for him - "Charles never seemed so disagreeable to her, his fingers never seemed so blunt, his mind so dull of his manners so crude--." (p.161)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, Emma and Charles were married. An uneventful year passed and Emma reached yet another fork in the road of life - should she have a baby now,

Of losing families and conquering one’s fears Essay

Jamal Wallace made a very important point in the movie just about before the movie ended: †¦and what’s the reason in having a file cabinet full of writing and keeping the shit locked so nobody can read it? What is that man? I’m done with this shit! – Wallace, Finding Forrester The movie is about a young African-American student who is very smart but does not have any focus in his life, particularly, in his academic studies. He was noticed by an elite school, The Mailer-Callow School, when he scored very high in a standardized test across the state of New York. He was offered a scholarship by Mailer-Callow provided that he will play basketball in the school’s basketball varsity team. It was also about this period when he accidentally met William Forrester (whose identity Wallace only found out later) and has since then became his writing mentor. Forrester has detached himself from the society after writing a Pulitzer-winning novel, The Avalon Landing. No one knew the reason why Forrester has gone dark. The two characters became friends and have started to experience change that could not have been possible without each other. Wallace became a personality in the school because of his natural talent in basketball and more importantly, his unexplainable gift in writing. And because the gift cannot be explained, a certain professor, Crawford, somehow was challenged. Crawford and Wallace had a conflict when Wallace tried to stand up and protect his classmate from the intimidating Crawford. The argumentation ended up with Wallace being an enemy of Crawford. The conflict of the story was made more obvious at the end of the movie when Wallace and Forrester had an argument on whether Forrester should go to Jamal’s school for the latter not to be accused of academic fraud – plagiarism. Wallace submitted an article with a sub-title similar to what Forrester has already published before. The only way for Wallace not to be implicated is for Forrester to get out, present himself in the academic board in Wallace’s school (or write a letter), and tell them, that he authorized Wallace to used his words. Wallace has secluded himself for years and he was not about to open up that easily to the society just because of a certain boy stupid enough to break his rule (the essay that Wallace has submitted is an essay Wallace wrote inside Forrester’s house – Forrester and Wallace had an agreement that anything written inside that place will not get out of there). Clearly, the movie’s conflict is more than just Forrester’s â€Å"power† to save Wallace from academic doom. The movie is about the two characters overcoming their fears. In the case of Wallace, he needs to get rid of his racial bias†¦ to get out of the mindset that everything is about the elite and the underdogs. Forrester, on the other hand, has to conquer his fears of developing new friends, new companionships. Forrester is not angry at the society. He is, more than that, afraid that he might, again, lose people that are close to him, people that he has learned to love. The movie showed us how everyone, no matter how satisfied and happy they might seem, have their own fears and discontentment. It seems that more than just Wallace finding Forrester, as his mentor, as his friend, the movie has successfully showed how Forrester found Wallace – a new friend that made him overcome everything that he has tried to avoid and to run away from. The movie Finding Forrester is not just about losing families and finding new ones. It is about fighting your own self, and in the process, finding the new you.

External Factors And Influences On The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay Example

External Factors And Influences On The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay Example External Factors And Influences On The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay External Factors And Influences On The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay A concern does non work in a vacuity. It has to move and respond to what happens outside the mill and office walls. These factors that go on outside the concern are known as external factors or influences. These will impact the chief internal maps of the concern and perchance the aims of the concern and its schemes. Main Factors The chief factor that affects most concern is the grade of competition how ferociously other concerns compete with the merchandises that another concern makes. The other factors that can impact the concern are: Social how consumers, families and communities behave and their beliefs. For case, alterations in attitude towards wellness, or a greater figure of pensionaries in a population. Legal the manner in which statute law in society affects the concern. E.g. alterations in employment Torahs on working hours. Economic how the economic system affects a concern in footings of revenue enhancement, authorities disbursement, general demand, involvement rates, exchange rates and European and planetary economic factors. Political how alterations in authorities policy might impact the concern e.g. a determination to subsidies constructing new houses in an country could be good for a local brick plants. Technological how the rapid gait of alteration in production procedures and merchandise invention affect a concern. Ethical what is regarded as morally right or incorrect for a concern to make. For case should it merchandise with states which have a hapless record on human rights. Table OF CONTENTS Page No Task 1- Mission, Objectives and Responsibilities of an Administration 1a ) Mission, Values and cardinal aims of the hotel group 1 And involvements of the stakeholders 1b ) . stakeholder s aims and extent to which 2 The hotel achieves these aims 1c ) . cardinal duties of the hotel group and the schemes 2 Employed for accomplishing them Undertaking 2 Economic, Social and Global Environment ( LO2 ) 2. A ) the cardinal characteristics of planned and assorted economic 4 Systems n impact on the operations of the hotel group 2. B ) societal public assistance policy and industrial policy steps in the UK 5 2. degree Celsius ) Impact of two macroeconomic policy steps in the UK 6 And the US since the twelvemonth 2011 on the hotel group Undertaking 3 -Behaviour of Organisations and the Market Environment 3. A ) defects of two market theoretical accounts relevant to the hotel group 7 And demo how they can impact the profitableness of the hotel. 3b ) factors of supply and demand income, monetary value, conditions, and substitutes impact 9 On the activities of the hotel group 3c ) behavior and competitory schemes employed by administrations in the UK 10 And the principle for modulating the behavior schemes Undertaking 4 International Trade and the European Dimension 4a ) the pros and cons of trade between the UK and other states 11 4b ) the impact of two European Union policies on UK administrations and 12 The hotel group 4c ) Deductions of the UK going a member of the European economic 13 And pecuniary brotherhood ( EMU ) to the UK economic system and to organisation Mentions Task 1- Mission, Objectives and Responsibilities of an Administration 1a ) place the Mission, Values and cardinal aims of the hotel group and demo how they reflect the involvements of the stakeholders A Mission is the alone intent that sets one hotel or motel company apart from others. Furthermore, the mission statement gives significances and waies to hotel policies. In fact, when faced with any job, misinterpretation, or strategic determination to be taken, directors ever, do certain that their determinations match the mission statement. In add-on, the mission statement shall be general and wide. The mission statement shall reflect the involvements of the agents interacting in the hotel group. Guest: Guest ( s ) represent one of the most of import agents in the hotel industry. For no invitees mean is no adjustment sector. Employee: A hotel with no employees agencies merely that invitees would non be welcomed, registered, assisted for whatsoever particular they needs have. Employees are a aboriginal agent in the hotel industry Management A ; Owners: A hotel with no directors resembles to an ground forces without generals. Furthermore, to hold a hotel, investors shall hapless some sum of money to construct it, refurnish it, and run it. Therefore, the mission statement tells how it is traveling to fulfill all the above stated agents so that they continue moving in the hotel industry. ( Keller, 2005 ) Key Aims Directors shall, bearing in head the company s mission statement, come up with company s planetary aims, Which are: Specific A ; numerical Discernible Measurable If aims are general and non-quantifiable, so, it would be impracticable at the terminal of a certain period of clip to see whether company existent consequences lucifer with the planned aims or non. ( Grimble, 1997 ) 1b ) .Identify three groups of stakeholder s aims and measure the extent to which the hotel achieves these aims Property Owners They work together with belongings and to happen advanced solutions that satisfy their economic, environmental and societal aims. Employees They recognize the importance of pass oning information about their concern and its public presentation to employees. Because CR issues are cardinal to our company values they are a outstanding characteristic of planetary direction conferences, informal briefings, in-house publications and our intranets. ( Hahnel, 2001 ) In January 2011 we held a Green Day at our Atlanta Offices to raise consciousness of IHG s attack to CR. During the coming twelvemonth we will work with co-workers to guarantee that we are following sound rules for Green Meetings and Green Training stuffs. We will besides put up a dedicated subdivision on CR in our Leaderships Lounge, a practical community of IHG leaders that provides time-effective tools, tips and articles that reinforce our scheme and aid directors better their leading. This on-line tool allows users to link with and portion best patterns with equals and senior IHG leaders around the Earth. Suppliers Feedback from providers helps us to better understand how we perform against our equals and derive a clearer image of our hazards. Wherever possible we encourage our hotels to beginning goods and services locally. In add-on to IHG back uping local providers, we besides need to advance responsible concern patterns by those same providers. One country we are working on with providers is procurement happen out more in our Supply Chain subdivision. ( Myers, 2004 ) 1c ) . Explain three cardinal duties of the hotel group and the schemes employed for accomplishing them. Hotel Manager A hotel director who is responsible for the daily direction of a hotel and its staff, They have commercial answerability for budgeting and fiscal direction, planning, organizing and directing all hotel services, including front-of-house ( response, concierge, and reserves ) , nutrient and drink operations and housekeeping. In larger hotels, directors frequently have a specific duty ( guest services, accounting, and selling ) and do up a general direction squad. While taking a strategic overview and be aftering in front to maximize net incomes, the director must besides pay attending to the inside informations, puting the illustration for staff to present a criterion of service and presentation that meets invitees demands and outlooks. Business and people direction are every bit of import elements. ( Keller, 2005 ) The director of a big hotel may hold less make contact with invitees but will hold regular meetings with caputs of section to organize and supervise the advancement of concern schemes. In a smaller constitution, the director is much more involved in the hands-on daily running of the hotel, which may include transporting out response responsibilities or functioning repasts if the demand arises. Gross saless coordinator Frequently seen as a dynamic and societal working environment, hotels offer an attractive calling way for many people. For those interested in the concern side of hotels, a calling in gross revenues may be suited career for them. Hotel group gross revenues coordinators are normally the nexus between the invitees and the hotel company. Their functions involve a mixture of client service, squad direction and trade name edifice for their hotel group. Group gross revenues coordinator has many duties. Among them is the readying of correspondence such as client grasp letters, assisting to ease publicities such as half-price suites and scheduling staff Rotas to do certain the gross revenues section is runing sufficiently. Other duties include guaranting that the gross revenues squad meets its marks, interceding with single clients and groups for elaborate feedback on the hotel s installations and analysing gross revenues statistics to supply an accurate study for the gross revenues manager. Hotel selling director A hotel selling director works with the hotel s advertisement and gross revenues directors to advance the hotel s services and installations. Lower-level directors, like market research directors, work together with hotel selling directors to come up with thoughts for making new patronages such as offering hotel trades and inducements like free welcome drinks, a affirmative massage at the hotel or complimentary usage of a concern centre. Selling directors and research workers learn what travellers want and estimate the cost of including those services. ( Hahnel, 2001 ) Undertaking 2 Economic, Social and Global Environment 2. A ) Discuss the cardinal characteristics of planned and assorted economic systems and explicate how each system can impact on the operations of the hotel group. Use illustrations of the hotel activities to back up your reply. Planned Economy: A planned economic system is an economic system in which the authorities or workers councils manage the economic system. In such economic systems, the province or authorities controls all major sectors of the economic system and make up ones mind all determinations about their usage and about the distribution of income, much like a Communist province. The contrivers decide what should be produced and direct endeavors to bring forth those goods. Planned economic systems are in contrast to unplanned economic systems, such as a market economic system, where production, distribution, pricing, and investing determinations are made by the private proprietors of the factors of production based upon their ain and their clients involvements instead than upon fostering some overarching macroeconomic program. ( Anthony, 2007 ) Assorted Economy: A assorted economic system is an economic system that incorporates facets of more than one economic system. This is typically means an economic system that contains both privately-owned and state-owned endeavors or that combines elements of capitalist economy and socialism, or a mix of market economic system and planned economic system. ( Myers, 2004 ) Impact on planned and assorted economic system The centrally planned economic system operates under the regulations whereby the agencies of production, such as the hotels, are deemed to be owned by the populace and all signifiers of economic activity are controlled by the authorities. This means that the cardinal planning governments are responsible for delegating production ends of the touristry industry every bit good as the allotment of factors of production. Within such a system, the proportion of entire end product absorbed every bit investing as opposed to private ingestion, together with the distribution of income and the scope of touristry activities produced, becomes a job of societal control instead than market forces. Therefore, in centrally planned economies the determination to bring forth peculiar degrees of end product of touristry merchandises is a societal and political instead than an economic determination. The assorted economic system is helpful in increasing national production in the state. Both public and p rivate sector work hard to convey approximately more production. The job created by free endeavor and excessively much public control are solved through assorted economic system. It provides freedom of endeavor ownership net income earning every bit good as societal public assistance and political freedom.However Mixed economic system is is non helpful in accomplishing optimum usage of national resources.The assorted economic system suffer from the drawbacks of both the capitalist economy and the socialism. Assorted economic system rarely achieved advancement. It suffers from continues retardation. ( Alec, 1997 ) 2. B ) Identify and explicate two societal public assistance policy and industrial policy steps in the UK that impact on the activities of the hotel and similar administrations Social Policy means the survey of societal services and the public assistance province. Social Policy and Administration is an academic topic concerned with the survey of societal services and the public assistance province. It developed in the early portion of the twentieth century as a complement to societal work surveies, aimed at people who would be professionally involved in the disposal of public assistance. In the class of the last 40 old ages, the scope and comprehensiveness of the topic has developed. The chief countries relate to policy and administrative pattern in societal services, including wellness disposal, societal security, instruction, employment services, community attention and lodging direction ; societal jobs, including offense, disablement, unemployment, mental wellness, larning disablement, and old age ; issues associating to societal disadvantage, including race, gender and poorness ; and the scope of corporate societal responses to these conditions. Social Policy is a capable country, non a subject it borrows from other societal scientific discipline subjects for develop survey in the country. The lending subjects include sociology, societal work, psychological science, economic sciences, political scientific discipline, direction, history, doctrine and jurisprudence. ( Nyheim, 2004 ) Industrial policy agencies in essenceA an militant attack by the province towardsA support for and development of the economic system. In the UK, province activism in this country was discredited in the 1970sA because extended province fiscal support for the defunct UK auto industry failed at 2. degree Celsius ) Measure the impact of two macroeconomic policy steps in the UK and the US since the twelvemonth 2011 on the hotel group The chief policies of economic direction that are impact on the hotel group in UK. Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy involves the usage of authorities disbursement, revenue enhancement and adoption to act upon both the form of economic activity and besides the degree and growing of aggregative demand, end product and employment. Monetary Policy Monetary policy involves the usage of involvement rates to command the degree and rate of growing of aggregative demand in the economic system. Here are some differences in the economic effects of pecuniary and financial policy, on the composing of end product, the effectivity of the two sorts of policy in run intoing the authorities s macroeconomic aims, and besides the clip lags involved for financial and pecuniary policy alterations to take consequence. We will see each of these in bend: Effectss of Policy on the Composition of National Output from the hotels Monetary policy is frequently seen as something of a blunt policy instrument impacting all sectors of the economic system although in different ways and with a variable impact. In contrast, financial policy can be targeted to impact certain groups ( e.g. additions in means-tested benefits for low income families, decreases in the rate of corporation revenue enhancement for small-medium sized endeavors, investing allowances for concerns in certain parts ) See as an illustration the effects of utilizing either pecuniary or financial policy to accomplish a given addition in national income because existent GDP lies below possible GDP ( i.e. there is a negative end product spread ) ( Buchanan, 1996 ) Undertaking 3 -Behaviour of Organisations and the Market Environment 3. A ) Explain the defects of two market theoretical accounts relevant to the hotel group and demo how they can impact the profitableness of the hotel. SWOT Analysis of Hilton Hotels All major hotel corporations, is go oning to retrieve from the events of September 11th. This tragic human event besides delivered a financially lay waste toing blow to the travel industry as a whole and to the hotel industry in peculiar. In order to to the full retrieve and boom in the coming old ages, HHC must measure its overall all strengths and failings as it moves frontward through the new millenary. The undermentioned SWOT Analysis sheds some visible radiation on some of the booby traps and chances that await the Hilton Hotels Corporation. ( Porter, 2001 ) Strengths Hilton Hotel Corporation ( HHC ) is a good established organisation and industry leader in the hotel, cordial reception and gambling industry HHC is good diversified across the industry with hotels in the high terminal, concern and mid-priced categories in their merchandise mix HHC besides possesses solid integrating characteristics such as having the companies that manufacture its furniture and has invested in on-line reserve travel endeavors Failings HHC may be two narrowly focused doing it vulnerable to a downswing in the planetary economic system and other global calamities that could restrict planetary travel such as the bird-flu and a important terrorist work stoppage HHC may be vulnerable to workers work stoppages and crack down on undocumented workers in the U.S. Most of its retentions are in the U.S. Opportunities HHC should offer an array of typical and specialised services to the high terminal invitees and high rollers such as Marrying planning A ; hosting Spas that specialize in personal services Personal trainers HHC should look to spread out into or get a sail line A sail ship is little more than a hotel that floats this would basically fit what it presently does with its leased belongingss Bet oning activities would get away ordinance, etc. Take advantage of emerging markets, particularly with concern category and mid-priced markets Menaces HHC must be careful non overstrain its attempts to blend amusement and gambling Besides the extension of recognition and other side effects of gambling can slowly but certainly nibble away net incomes September 11th was a major blow to the hotel industry. A similar event could ensue in another down bend. By analyzing national and regional industry tendencies, HHC will be able to take advantage of chances that will enable growing while placing menaces that may impact profitableness. Growth in the hotel and cordial reception industry will include a continued focal point on gambling, international enlargement and utilizing all media to advance its merchandises to possible clients. One recommended scheme for Hilton is to stress the importance of household in all its hotels, including the gambling and casino locations. Las Vegas has spent 1000000s to pull households by adding kids s attractive forces every bit good as the traditional casinos for the grownups. Most of the hotels have at least a little country dedicated to arcade games. However, some hotels have luxuriant arcades, game countries, and child-care centres intended for those going with kids ( Hilton Hotels Corporation, 2007 ) . Hilton needs to guarantee they are right in the center of this demographic of parents going with kids . While the focal point can still be on the high dollars that are tossed around in the casinos by the parents, it will be critical that the hotel have the installations available that will pull parents with kids to remain at the belongings. Since there is a greater demand and holiday clip has become one of the few times that households are able to pass quality clip together, Hilton must capitalise on this market section. ( Buchanan, 1996 ) Market Cleavage Market Segmentation means interrupting down the entire market into ego contained and comparatively standardised subgroups of clients, each possessing its ain particular demands and features. This enables the company to modify its end product, advertisement messages and promotional methods to match to the demands of peculiar sections. Accurate cleavage allows the house to nail selling chances and to orient it s selling activities to fulfill on consumer demands. Through the procedure of market cleavage, there are certain variables to place client groups, such as demands, income geographical, location, purchasing wonts and other features. ( Hahnel, 2001 ) 3b ) Explain how these factors of supply and demand income, monetary value, conditions, substitutes impact on the activities of the hotel group. When negociating a hotel contract for meeting or convention, some factors are influenced. First, factors that influence room blocks and room rates are based on supply and demand. So, if the hotel is in their extremum season, they have more clients bespeaking the same infinite and can take who gets the infinite and can put their monetary value. Most hotels have a preferable form for reachings and goings. If your form fits theirs, they may be willing to negociate. However, if the form differs, you may hold to pay higher rates. Be prepared, look into with the Convention Bureau and inquire what the normal tenancies are for assorted months of the twelvemonth. That manner you will hold an thought of how much the hotel needs your concern. If you can keep your meeting in a month that has less tenancy, you have more room to negociate. Besides, do non waver to inquire for particular points in the contract. The more the hotel needs your concern, the more they are willing to give up or add to the contract in order to acquire your signature. ( Carl, 1997 ) It may be easy to acquire that suite you wanted on a complimentary footing or at a particular rate. If the hotel is traveling to hold a low tenancy and would non be selling that suite in the first topographic point, they have nil to free by giving it to you in your contract. So, what factors are involved that influence pricing when negociating a gross revenues contract for kiping suites, run intoing infinite and nutrient events? They are handiness of suites, room forms, your ability to be flexible and particularly you being cognizant of what the hotel is looking for. Therefore, make your prep before run intoing with your hotel of pick and you will be better prepared to negociate successfully. 3c ) Explain three behavior and competitory schemes employed by administrations in the UK and the principle for modulating the behavior schemes. Use relevant illustrations to back up your reply. Organizations operate within a competitory industrial environment. Analyzing its fight aid to place chances for and menaces to the organisation from its industrial environment, SWOT analysis is a systematic analysis of these factors and the scheme that reflects the best lucifer between them. Sing the as an illustration, relation to the nucleus competency of McDonalds, one of the largest nutrient concatenation companies in the universe. Let us first start with the strengths and the positive facets which define the public presentation of this company. Strength is a typical competency that gives the house a comparative advantage in the market topographic point. For case fiscal resources, image, market leading and purchaser provider dealingss etc The greatest strength was making an image in the heads of the people and presenting them to the fast nutrient civilization. Delivery velocity, client attention and cleanliness are the nucleus strengths on which these shops expanded. They created a corporate symbol and their advertisement runs were extremely successful in set uping the trade name image and logo in the heads of the 1000000s. Two chief rivals by and large identified with McDonalds are the Burger King and the KFC. McDonalds selling scheme is concerned with the internal resources, external environment and its basic competences along with its portion holders. McDonald s merchandise value is besides its greatest strengths. Customers know what to anticipate when they walk into a McDonalds shop. It gives great accent to human resources by fulfilling both the client and the employees. Next is the invention facet wherein new merchandises line up to catch up with the new tendencies and gustatory sensations of the people. Its diverseness into other new concern ventures can besides be considered as its strengths. One major menace to any trade name is its relationship between the direction and the franchise traders. Organization strength is the back bone of any concern and when that starts agitating the whole system will fall in. But decelerating McDonald is retrieving from all these failings as its trade name directors can easy pass on, comparison and better their services through the latest technological developments wherein they can utilize the cyberspace to actuate, comparison and better upon other centres public presentations. The overall analysis of all the external and internal strengths and failings on this company should be linked in order to outline a sustainable program for the companies farther betterment. For any betterment or enlargement the internal resources must be readily available. And therefore analysing this facet can take to a modified scheme to accommodate its vision. Keeping in head the available resources the contriver should believe globally. Hence doing usage of all the nucleus competencies the house can decidedly prolong in the competitory market. Undertaking 4 International Trade and the European Dimension 4a ) Discuss the pros and cons of trade between the UK and other states. Use the activities of the hotel group to back up your reply Professionals Harmonizing to the U.S. State Department, the United States had implemented nine free trade understandings with a sum of 14 states and had several others expecting concluding passage as of September 2009. The bureau reports that since the execution of these economic treaties U.S. exports have increased exponentially and imports have grown well. Therefore, the State Department makes the claim that free trade supports economic development in hapless states every bit good as in the United States. Cons In November 2003 the Economic Policy Institute issued a study that earnestly inquiries the benefits of free trade. Harmonizing to the papers, the rise in the U.S. trade shortage with its NAFTA trading spouses, Canada and Mexico, caused the supplanting of high-wage places in U.S.-based fabrication industries. Additionally, the study states that workers in all three member states have been hurt by free trade, with many Mexicans being reduced to subsistence-level work while Canadians witness a decrease in of import public disbursement in instruction, wellness attention and other such services. The institute says that NAFTA guidelines tilt the economic state of affairs in favour of investors while offering no environmental or worker-safety protection. Considerations While merely about everyone agrees that international trade will go on, the argument over free-trade economic sciences demonstrates the being of two radically disparate point of views ; those of the concerns and investors that have benefited from the version of free-trade understandings and those of blue-collar workers, who appear to be losing land financially. Policy negotiants might make good to see the well- being of all concerned by following guidelines that guarantee a life pay to all every bit good as environmental and worker-safety criterions. ( Carl, 1997 ) 4b ) critically analyse the impact of two European Union policies on UK administrations and the hotel group, if any. UK hotelkeepers are experiencing softly optimistic about the new alliance authorities s touristry policy precedences for the state s hotel industry. Industry leaders are trusting for a new epoch of steadfast leading supported by clear touristry policy. Many are hopeful that the new disposal will put greater accent on touristry policy, back up new investing and supply better co-ordination of Whitehall policies across the industry. With clear policies on ordinance, revenue enhancement policies and involvement rates, the new authorities is in a place to supply better stableness for hotel developers, proprietors and operators, despite cuts in public disbursement. ( Easterly, 2001 ) At this important clip, the UK hotel industry needs strong, incorporate representation to authorities. The strongest organisation is most likely the British Hospitality Association ( BHA ) who has already raised five cardinal points on behalf of the industry, as follows: Fewer ordinances and those that are introduced should be more accurately coasted and assessed for their impact on little concerns. An apprehension that the industry is a possible occupation Godhead and is the chief economic driver of many parts in the state even including London. Yet, in an industry mostly made up of little concerns, past financial and regulative steps have inhibited private investing to a great extent. Greater encouragement by the authorities for concerns to put, through the debut of appropriate revenue enhancement interruptions and capital allowances ( eg: Hotel Building Allowance ) . Merely through more private investing will the industry be able to run into lifting international competition. A authorities section ( presumptively the DCMS ) which is stronger and more able to stand for the industry with other authorities sections and throughout Whitehall. Excessively many local, regional and national touristry organic structures are contending for limited sums of support to advance Britain internationally, nationally and locally. Merely some Regional Development Agencies have earnestly supported their touristry industry while a figure of regional touristry boards have been disbanded. A more consistent attack to the state s touristry substructure is required. 4c ) Measure the deductions of the UK going a member of the European economic and pecuniary brotherhood ( EMU ) to the UK economic system and to administrations runing in the UK. Use relevant illustrations to back up your reply The Economic and Monetary Union or EMU is an umbrella term for the group of policies aimed at meeting the economic systems of members of the European Union in three phases so as to let them to follow a individual currency, . As such, it is mostly synonymous with the Eurozone. All member provinces of the European Union are expected to take part in the EMU. The Copenhagen standards are the current set of conditions of entry for provinces desiring to fall in the EU. It contains the demands that need to be fulfilled and the clip model within which this must be done in order for a state to fall in the pecuniary brotherhood. An of import component of this is the European Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERMA II ) , in which campaigner currencies demonstrate economic convergence by keeping limited divergence from their mark rate against the euro. ( Easterly, 2001 ) All member provinces, except Denmark and the United Kingdom, have committed themselves by pact to fall in EMU. Seventeen member provinces o

Free Essays on Essays

Consequences of Software Crime ... overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry’s piracy losses occurred outside of North America. The Software Publishers Association (SPA) indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the North America was obtained illegally. In fact, 30 percent of the piracy occurs ... software piracy ... are doing now (Weisband 33). The Software Publishers Association, based in Washington, D.C., was developed to combat software piracy. As of 1993 the SPA has brought more than 1300 court cases against software pirates. The SPA has a toll-free number that has helped catch many pirates and prosecute them ... communication for massage ... need to provide these tools for our students. The Halsa Helm School of Massage is who I work for and we are under the corporate umbrella of Shari’s Spa which operates the school on it’s premises. 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An organization known as the Software Publishers Association (SPA) is the principal trade association of the PC software industry. SPA works closely with the FBI and has ... Free Essays on Essays Free Essays on Essays 1. It is important to be ethical in today’s modern society for many reasons. I’ll give you two reasons. One in a corporate environment, and one in our military. Take for instance the collapse of WorldCom. The manager’s of this organization became greedy to make themselves reap the financial rewards. The numerous accounting reports that they falsified drove the stock price up and brought in many investors that were mislead. No longer could they cover up the crimes they were committing and it lead to the bankruptcy and collapse of this telecommunication giant. Not only did it hurt the company, but it destroyed the finances of thousands of investors that trusted the people who ran this company. As for our military, it starts with recruiting. 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I believe it starts from your upbringing, but just because some people may not have the good upbringing doesn’t mean they can’t be taught. Managers of every organization should constantly be conducting training in every aspect of the w... Free Essays on Essays Since the introduction of computers to our society, and in the early 80’s the Internet, the world has never been the same. Suddenly our physical world got smaller and the electronic world set its foundations for an endless electronic reality. As we approach the year 2000, the turn of the millenium, humanity has already well established itself into the â€Å"Information Age.† So much in fact that as a nation we find our selves out of a service economy and into an information based economy. In a matter of only a few years almost all systems are run buy computers in some way, shape, or form. We depend on them for everything. Even the smallest malfunction or glitch in a system could now cause unfathomable amounts of trouble in everything from riding the bus, having access to your money, to getting your prescription at the pharmacists. Furthermore, Icove (1998) suggested that with the price of home computers that work faster and store more memory going down every year due to competition in the market, it is estimated that by the year 2011 most every American home will have a PC with instant access to the Internet. With an increase in users everyday and new businesses taking advantage of perks of an alternate electronic world, this information dimension will only get bigger, more elaborate, provide more services, and we will find society as a whole more and more dependent on it. However, even in an artificial environment such as the cyberspace, it appears mankind cannot escape from its somewhat overwhelming natural attraction to wrongful behavior or criminal tendencies. In turn this alternative dimension has been infected with the same criminal behavior that plagues our physical reality. The information age has opened the doors to anti social, smart, and opportunistic people to find new and innovative ways to commit old crimes. These people are called hackers. Schamalleger (1999), stated that hackers are people who view and use comp... Free Essays on Essays Consequences of Software Crime ... overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry’s piracy losses occurred outside of North America. The Software Publishers Association (SPA) indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the North America was obtained illegally. In fact, 30 percent of the piracy occurs ... software piracy ... are doing now (Weisband 33). The Software Publishers Association, based in Washington, D.C., was developed to combat software piracy. As of 1993 the SPA has brought more than 1300 court cases against software pirates. 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Free Religion and Medical Practice Essay

Free Religion and Medical Practice Essay results on the link between religion and health. The book also concluded on the recommended clinical applications to overcome any controversies that emerge. Mathews (199) further considers conflicts between spiritual and health matters by observing that issues gravitating around ethics often arise. At this stage, it is significant to note that health is a diverse topic that extends to abortion, end of life debates, or assisted suicide among others. More precisely, ethical concerns are the primary aspects that put the two aspects in conflict. Koenig, H. G. (1998). Handbook of religion and mental health. San Diego: Academic press. The book considers mental health. The consideration is done in regards to the extension of healthcare services to people who come from different health backgrounds. Those considered include: Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, Hindu and Jewish. The book is designed for clinicians as it describes how religion-based beliefs are associated with mental illnesses. The book also goes further to capture how religious backgrounds affect the delivery of mental health care. The book has various chapters including some on religion, personality, anxiety, coping behavior, psychoses, etc. Koenig, H. G. (1994). Aging and God: Spiritual paths to mental health in midlife and lateryears. New York: Haworth Press. In the above book, the author gives an in-depth analysis on how religion relates to the treatment of mental illnesses. Focusing on elderly patients, the author establishes that religious backgrounds influenced how patients responded to treatment. Koenig (1994) also established that parents have cited religious beliefs as a reason for avoiding seeking medical care. Moreover, some jurisdictions bar governments or non-governmental organizations from taking corrective measures whenever parents use religion to prevent their children from seeking healthcare services. In views of healthcare practitioners, religion cannot be used as a defense to deny people medical care. However, spiritual matters impede such pursuits. Thus, based on this paper, health and spiritual matters may conflict at given instances. Conclusion It is factual that religion influences both the growth and development of people. Thus, it influences several choices that they make. Such influences also end up affecting health deliberations. Sometimes, the impact leads to taking decisions that are not amenable with healthcare expectations.

Risk Management Week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Management Week 4 - Essay Example However, business enterprises must be aware of possible risk factors in respect to data integrity, data availability, and data disposal while outsourcing data storage to external providers. Service providers need to manage the data of several businesses, and hence they might host all these data on the same storage server. Under this circumstance, the organization must ensure that its data are not mixed with others’ data and are separated by the application of proper virtualization software so as to enhance data integrity. As Kaur (2007) points out, timely data availability often becomes a challenge while outsourcing data storage to external parties. In order to address this issue, the organization must clearly prioritize its data availability requirements so that the service provider can properly place the data on the server (p. 110). Finally, in order to improve data security business houses must make sure that external service providers no longer store the unwanted or expire d data. When hiring an enterprise service provider for processing information system applications including payroll, workforce management, and sales order taking, organizations actually put a part of their operations in the hands of someone else. If the service provider is not trustworthy, this business practice will dreadfully affect even the survival of the firm. There are many rules and regulations governing the operations of enterprise service providers. Therefore, prior to contracting out a business function, a firm must ensure that the chosen service provider strictly adheres to such rules and regulations. In addition, it is good for companies to choose enterprise service providers who have a strong reputation for their previous business dealings. Experts suggest that an extensive research would assist firms to identify a reliable service provider in this

Organization Behavior Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organization Behavior Case - Research Paper Example It is very important to keep the people working in your organization motivated and satisfied all the time. Having good relation with your labor is one very important thing if you want your business to enjoy a good financial situation. In this case the Southwest Airlines had to face a lot of problems and crisis as a result of its CEO being ignorant to developing good relations with the labor. The company was in big crisis and had lost its strong financial position. Moreover under the leadership of Kelleher the company gained back its financial success as the main focus of this CEO was to address the issues related to labor as early as possible and he knew the importance of these relations. Introduction to the issue The main issue with the Southwest Airlines was that it lacked an appropriate leadership style that would best fit the company. In the decade when the company was facing problems and crisis the main problem was that it lost a good relationship and a factor of trust between t he employees, labor and the top management. A leader in true sense is someone who leads his followers along the way or path towards their goals and objectives (Blanchard & Hersey, 2008). Leadership is the characteristic that will enable a person to inspire group of people to realize common interest or goal (Judge and Robbins, 2010). The base of any organization rests on the philosophy, vision, goals and values of the management. As a result this drives the culture of the organization that is made up of the formal, informal and social environment of the organization.... Trust is based on two things mainly that are familiarity and risk. Trust has a lot of dimensions mainly like integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty and openness etc. Integrity relates to things like truthfulness and honesty, competence means the interpersonal and technical knowledge and skills, consistency relates to predictability, good judgment and reliability under various situations, loyalty means the willingness to safeguard and protect face for any other person and openness relates to the reliance on someone else to provide you the truth in full (Scott, 2008). There are three types of trusts that employees in your company can experience with you. One is deterrence or fear of punishment based trust, the other is identification or trust based on mutual understanding, appreciation for other people’s desires and wants, and the knowledge based or behavioral predictability based trust that roots back to the interaction history. At Southwest Airlines under Parker’s leadership the basic issue was that the trust was deterrence based. It means that the trust was just there as he was the CEO of the company and the employees feared punishment and were forced to trust Parker whereas they dint not like his leadership style at all. As it is evident from the information provided that the previous CEOs and the current CEO of Southwest Airline are more people oriented. This type of approach develops trustworthy bond between the employees and its top management. As it is found out by various researches that mistrust eliminates the trust factor and leads to reduced productivity. So the failure to develop trust was one of the major

Professor and Student in aGgun-Fight within the University Essay

Professor and Student in aGgun-Fight within the University - Essay Example The House of Representatives is just about to pass the bill, thus coming into a recognized policy. Hampikian sounds startled by the proposed law and in an amusing way, asks when he can shoot a student. Hampikian is interested in getting the bill approved though he is also considering the adverse effects that the policy is likely to have. Is it not a perplexing situation to see a lecturer pointing his/her gun to a student? And what happens when the student draws his gun in self-defense? Hampikian’s credibility is well established when he seeks legal instruction on what the rules of engagement in class will be once the students and professors start carrying guns to school. He invites dialog between the stakeholders both at the state level and the Boise University. According to him, it seems quite strange for a lecturer to carry a gun to his place of work since his responsibility is dealing with students only. He expresses this as a matter of practical concern. He is, however, accommodative of the change. He has no problems with the students carrying guns. He is currently acknowledging the fact that even right now, the students can still fight back using their pencils, when totally disgruntled, although he has no fears for the pencil since he always carries his pen as well. His credibility is further shown by the position he holds at the university. He is a professor of biology at the same university. This shows his credibility in that he appreciates the studen ts’ rights to defend themselves when necessary (Hampikian para 3). According to the author, permitting guns to campus will have an effect on the ethics and the organizational culture of the institution. Ethics refer to the norms followed in a particular organization. They define the conduct of conduct by all the players in the particular organization. Concerned with the ethics of the university and the Idaho State at large, Hampikian prompts the Legislators to consider the repercussions of  minor engagements that normally arise when students are carrying out their daily activities at the university, before making their final decision.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study - Essay Example Additionally, the educational, training or developmental factor is also expressed within this forecast. Training for law enforcement personnel is an important process in mitigating future forecasts of computer crimes (Richard & Roussev, 2009). This is due to the fact that training will provide police officers and crime investigators with skills and knowledge of detecting and mitigating crimes in digital communication in an efficient manner. More importantly, professionals within the legal system must be trained to ensure effective application of the rule of law as related to digital crime and terrorism and as a result prevent occurrence of these crimes in future and mitigate future forecasts. Second Forecast The second forecast predicts that internet or digital fraud via electronic media which emanate from the theft of user identity by system attackers will be the largest and most significant of the computer crimes. This forecast is reflective of computer security issue in which the privacy and confidentiality of personal and private data is accessed by attackers of computer systems through loopholes in the internet communication. This can be exemplified by the hacking into financial systems and accessing credit card information of customers which leads to unauthorized access to their accounts by the system attackers (Ionescu, Irea & Blajan, 2011). Monetary loss is the major issue or factor which is represented within the second forecast. This forecast is important to the law enforcement departments, agencies and systems because it motivates them to put preventative measures of reducing the incidence of digital fraud. This can be achieved through strict enforcement of the law against digital fraudsters. Third Forecast The third forecast is predictive of more advanced digital crime and terrorism which involve virtual attacks of computing systems. The forecast specifically predicts that the advancement of computer networking systems such as social networking site s will cause virtual crimes to grow at a faster rate as compared to previous periods when computer networking was less advanced. The networking factor is expressed as the cause of the predicted growth of virtual crimes which are forms of hybrid computer crime. This form of crime can be illustrated by the psychological warfare which is mediated by electronic communication and internet based exchanges among individuals and groups (Agustina & Insa, 2011). It is apparent that this forecast acts as an important consideration of the law enforcement system because of the need to design and implement laws which are concerned with dealing with virtual crimes. Fourth Forecast The fourth forecast on the future trends in digital crime and terrorism is reflective of its advancement to the developing nations. The forecasters predict that the future of electronic communication and computer systems in developing countries will be characterized by the emergence of system attackers and hacker groups. The factors which are considered as the motivation for the forecast future trends include religious, economic and political intentions for digital crime and digital terrorism. This form of digital crime can be exemplified by terrorist groups who hack into computer systems within security department to illegally acquire intelligent cables and use them for organizing their terrorist activities (Lim,

Mao's paintings in Cultural Revolution and contemporary Chinese Art Term Paper

Mao's paintings in Cultural Revolution and contemporary Chinese Art - Term Paper Example The essay "Mao's paintings in Cultural Revolution and contemporary Chinese Art" discovers the Chinese contemporary Art and Mao's paintings in the context of Evaluation of Political Implication. This essay shall focus on the paintings of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution of China and upon the matrix of the paintings by Zedong; a comparative study of the contemporary Chinese art shall enable to comprehend the different political messages inherent in the paintings evolving in different periods of Chinese history and cultural history. In order to compare the paintings of Mao during the Cultural Revolution in China with that of contemporary Chinese art, it is quintessential to understand the fact at the outset of the essay itself regarding the sources of the images of Mao Zedong in the Chinese art. If the span of leadership and influence of Mao Zedong is introspected from a close contour, it culminates into an inference that Zedong has reigned in the Chinese political regime for i n excess of a half century. This tenure is quite elaborate in nature; as a result the Chinese culture and art also underwent massive changes within the stipulated time frame. Not only did Chinese culture and society experience a massive change but also the Chinese art was not spared from the transformation the society was experiencing. In a very unprecedented manner, Chinese art experienced reforms that were related largely with its ideologies and presentations. Captivating the imprints of the revolutionary era., Chinese art evolved as one of the most celebrated and important facets of history of art in the world. Mao was dead but his physical death did not cease his eventual influence upon the people of China. Yan Shanchun correctly remarks in the essay, â€Å"The Image of Mao Zedong and Contemporary Chinese Art†, â€Å"Maoist’s thoughts on literature and art, and indeed his image, were the imperative factors in Chinese art movements in the entire later half of the t wentieth century† (Jiehong, 2007). It has been very rightly observed that most of the portraits of Mao Zedong have been sketched from the photographs of the great leader. The photographs of Mao since the initiation of the art of photography during the middle of the nineteenth century influenced the portraiture of Zedong. With the growing years, the influence of the soviet communist leaders on the cultural domain of China started gaining grounds. If the China’s political ideology is revised then it can be well observed that during the late 1950s the ideological foundation of China’s political philosophy found its base from the two elements; Marxism–Leninism evolved as a pure theory and the thought process of Mao Zedong acted as a practical ideology, a thought that was executed. And, in the similar fashion, the communist leaders were being worshipped in the houses and streets of Russia, the portrait of Mao Zedong started appearing in the walls, stations and important crossing across the country enabling a rage of personal cult worshipping in China (Chineseposters.net, 2013). Comparison While executing the introspection of the paintings of the great leader Mao Zedong during the years of Cultural Revolution and after the siege of the revolution which falls under the era of the contemporary Chinese art, a great variety in the size, transformation regarding the strategies of painting propagandas, and compositions

Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Leadership - Coursework Example Deloitte has been operating in Turkey since 1986. With Turkey integrating into the global economic setting, the country continues to gain more importance as a promising and fast growing country as per the strategic business strategy of Deloitte. Deloitte’s business plans include choosing of Turkey as the concerned market and based on that, the company has opened 4 new branches in Turkey besides the office located at Istanbul, which is the headquarter of the company. Deloitte has been attempting to enhance its market penetration by investing in Turkey to a large extent. The company by its investment strategies wishes to hold a leading position within the professional consultancy firms. Thus, it is considered vital for achieving its vision and objectives that the leaders of the Deloitte are developed internally and externally. The leadership process in the firm should be given the topmost priority. The trait theory considers that certain qualities and traits are inherited by the individuals which enable them to be comfortable with the leadership strategies. Trait theory often takes into account particular personality traits or characteristics of the behaviours possessed by the leaders. The trait theory developed from the early research of leadership primarily focuses on searching a group of heritable attributes that differentiates among leaders and non leaders. Trait approach attempts to identify the physiological, demographic, task allied and social characteristics with the emergence of leader and its effectiveness (Spillane, Halverson and Diamond, 2004). A large number of companies consider this theory to be vital for implementing. A question arises if the specific traits are main features of leaders and the leadership process, how will the people be explained who possess such qualities but are not leaders? Existing inconsistencies in the connection between leadership traits and its effectiveness leads the scholars to shift their paradigms

Warehouse Layout Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Warehouse Layout Planning - Research Paper Example The design of a warehouse should be capable of maximizing the utility of space while simultaneously allowing for sufficient circulation paths for both material handling equipment, for instance, forklift trucks and warehouse personnel. As a consequence, it is critical for warehouse planning and design to take advantage of height allowances through the use of higher bays. In order to facilitate flexibility in warehouse planning and design, it is vital to make use of alternative methods for handling material. These methods typically influence construction and planning aspects such as aisle widths, need for the inclusion of mezzanine space, egress design and lighting design (Christopher & Towill, 2001). Warehouses should typically be designed by taking into consideration both present and future needs in order to allow for changes in enterprise growth, size of warehouse spaces and population and size of the office. It is vital for warehouse space to be easily adaptable to fit varying func tions, for instance, office levels and computer centers. Effective site design accommodates the need for future loading docks, car parking spaces and truck space. In order to achieve this, enterprises need to address techniques for handling material and business practices, for instance, just-in-time storage. This involves the inclusion of roof designs with extra structural capacity that is built-in to facilitate the addition of supplementary rooftop equipment. In order to ensure that the future supplementary space is effective with regard to handling future material, the design should encompass fire protection capacities (Cormier & Gunn, 1992). This will allow for the accommodation of storage materials that have an increased level of fire hazard, particularly with regard of high plastic products. Flexibility can be built into warehouse design and planning to contain future changes through the implementation of scenario planning, which ultimately results enhanced flexibility. Scenari os can be constructed either through modeling or simulation to take into consideration a variety of situations through which the design flexibility can be assessed effectively. Such scenarios include, for instance, alternative growth anticipations, unusual peak provisions and alterations in order profiles. This typically requires the use of simulation tools that can prove effective. These simulation tools include general simulation packages adaptable for warehousing and specified warehousing simulation packages. These packages include some that can be purchased directly from suppliers and others available through equipment suppliers, suppliers of warehouse management systems and consultancies (Christopher & Towill, 2001). Since not all tools are applicable in all situations, it is critical that an enterprise adopts the appropriate simulation tool for its flexibility and future needs. For instance, a certain modeling simulation cannot offer accurate answers for certain projects, espe cially where the enterprise is experienced fundamental changes. Although scenario planning is effective, it is not an endeavor to forecast the future. This means that drawing scenarios that predict future events will prove ineffective in the long term since people’s perceptions typically influence what they consider as the reality. Predictions for the future

Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Leadership - Coursework Example Deloitte has been operating in Turkey since 1986. With Turkey integrating into the global economic setting, the country continues to gain more importance as a promising and fast growing country as per the strategic business strategy of Deloitte. Deloitte’s business plans include choosing of Turkey as the concerned market and based on that, the company has opened 4 new branches in Turkey besides the office located at Istanbul, which is the headquarter of the company. Deloitte has been attempting to enhance its market penetration by investing in Turkey to a large extent. The company by its investment strategies wishes to hold a leading position within the professional consultancy firms. Thus, it is considered vital for achieving its vision and objectives that the leaders of the Deloitte are developed internally and externally. The leadership process in the firm should be given the topmost priority. The trait theory considers that certain qualities and traits are inherited by the individuals which enable them to be comfortable with the leadership strategies. Trait theory often takes into account particular personality traits or characteristics of the behaviours possessed by the leaders. The trait theory developed from the early research of leadership primarily focuses on searching a group of heritable attributes that differentiates among leaders and non leaders. Trait approach attempts to identify the physiological, demographic, task allied and social characteristics with the emergence of leader and its effectiveness (Spillane, Halverson and Diamond, 2004). A large number of companies consider this theory to be vital for implementing. A question arises if the specific traits are main features of leaders and the leadership process, how will the people be explained who possess such qualities but are not leaders? Existing inconsistencies in the connection between leadership traits and its effectiveness leads the scholars to shift their paradigms

The Economic, Social And Physical Impacts Of ECOC Essay Example for Free

The Economic, Social And Physical Impacts Of ECOC Essay The award of European Capital of Culture to Liverpool (ECOC) 2008 in 2003 helped to revive the dreams of this south eastern city as it had been experiencing an all time economic low. As the city seeks to revive the former image of its city centre, industrial sites and economy, it has adopted the legacy of culture – led regeneration. The people of this city have been seeking to take Liverpool from economic and cultural oblivion to where it is supposed to be today. Liverpool has grown from economic decline to new improving heights of economic growth which are still on an upward trend due to numerous investment activities. The award of ECOC has seen the city achieve tremendous growth in all sectors for example the industrial, investment and cultural sectors. The economic, social and environmental impacts of ECOC In June 2003, Liverpool surprised many by being nominated to become UK’s European Capital of Culture, ECOC (2008). This decision was influenced by several factors such as the city’s art collections, a wide range of cultural collections as well as the city’s architecture. This has in some way contributed to several regeneration objectives. The award of Liverpool ECOC 2008 has greatly enabled the city to emerge from a state of economic decline to a vibrant economy. In fact Liverpool’s economy is among the leading in the entire UK. The city has been regenerated and sites which had been neglected have undergone renewal to such an extend that they now fit the class of a world-class city. Liverpool needs to strike a balance between the social, cultural and economic dimensions of urban regeneration of an event-driven nature with a view to strengthening the role played by urban cultural policy. This city will succeed to re-image and regenerate itself through special events and cultural activity. Fortunately, the opportunity to do these two most important things has been granted by the award in 2003 of ECOC. It is now upon the city to make the most of this chance and lift itself from the economic problems it has been facing for sometime now. Liverpool needs to strike a balance between the social, cultural and economic dimensions of urban regeneration of an event-driven nature with a view to strengthening the role played by urban cultural policy. This city will succeed to re-image and regenerate itself through special events and cultural activity. Fortunately, the opportunity to do these two most important things has been granted by the award in 2003 of ECOC. It is now upon the city to make the most of this chance and lift itself from the economic problems it has been facing for sometime now. The future of the cities that will become ECOC cities looks bright as the standards have been set (Booth, 1996, p. 79). They can draw from the examples of Liverpool, Glasgow and Barcelona in order to plan on how to approach the three major issues of economic growth, cultural and social development all balanced (Balibrea, 2001, p. 187-210). The growing interest to use of culture as a tool to facilitate urban regeneration is a result of efforts whose objective is to turn industrial cities into economies that are service-oriented. This legacy has been highly successful in Liverpool. It has impacted positively drawing the attention to potential investors to this city which has resulted in an economic turnaround. For over 30 years, this has been the major preoccupation of many European cities who are members of European Capital of Culture (ECOC). In 1990, Glasgow became the first city to engage actively in ECOC assessment and this has shaped the objectives of ECOC members since then. For Glasgow, this assessment bore fruits as the economic impact was instant. Liverpool on its part emphasizes strong community involvement (Gomez, 1998, p. 85). The danger with this approach is that the authorities in charge of this initiative seem to be focusing too much on social cohesion to the detriment of the projected financial and economic impacts. Future ECOC cities need to draw a balance between socio-cultural and economic objectives so as to arrive at achievable objectives for an all round development of their cities (Boyle, 1997, p. 96). ECOC 08 will be assessed in terms of economic, social and physical impacts. On the field of economics, the four areas that need to be assessed carefully are; job creation, unemployment, tourism and the business or corporate sector. The reorganization of the city’s physical features for example parks and playgrounds and the control of industrial emissions impact a lot on the environment The award of Liverpool ECOC 2008 has had both positive and negative results, but the gains outweigh the losses by a big margin. The establishment of Urban Regeneration Company paved the way for urban renaissance (Du Noyer, 2002, pp. 63-71. This was the first of its kind in the country. Another driving force was the success of the culture bid which has facilitated the starting up of many economic activities which have been of a lot of benefit to the city of Liverpool (Bianchini, 1990. pp. 41-68). This came along with various economic benefits for example in the tourism sector as the number of visitors to Liverpool in one year more than doubled. It was expected that 12,000 more jobs would be created in the tourism sector. The branding of Liverpool as ‘the world in one city’ has resulted in many economic gains, not only in the tourism sector, but in several other areas. This slogan simply implies cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and social diversity. It has generated an additional spending of 2 billion pounds into the city’s economy which is a major boost to the overall economy which had been lagging far behind those of other cities and even that of England as a country (Duffy Hutchinson, 1997, p. 41). It is justifiable to say that Liverpool’s bid has been successful in reversing economic decline, a factor that has been occasioned by a change in the way the city’s government formulates its policies. Besides, the award has triggered a wave of numerous investments in the city. This has been a major boost to the economy of Liverpool and it is no wonder it is the most flourishing economy in the country, having outgrown that of the country itself. It is a fact that regeneration programmes that lack the component of culture can not work, and as a result of this Liverpool has incorporated into its programmes this dimension of evaluation. This has offered a chance for involvement by the community in the urban policy of the city and it is through this genuine involvement that a successful regeneration has been achieved. Urban entrepreneurialism has got a chance in the city and many investors have established various businesses in the various sectors that have come up in the wake of the award. Private sector investment has been on a sharp increase in this city especially in the retail business, call-centres, offices and hotels. The overall number of tourists visiting the city of Liverpool has increased at a very high rate and the spending of has almost doubled from 335 million pounds to 604 million pounds. The number of International passengers arriving at Liverpool airport has also increased to 190 percent. The impact of this trend is an improved economy, more job creation and an increase in social activities due to interaction with people of different cultures from all over the world and the result is an enrichment of the cities culture (Kong, L. 2000 pp 385-390). The impacts of ECOC 08 are that there has been a registered growth of employment of up to 10. 4%, and this growth is higher than that of all other major cities of the UK, for example Manchester, London and Birmingham. The economy of Liverpool has been enjoying a steady growth over the years and it is now catching up with the rest of the other cities in the UK. This has been aided by the political changes that have taken place since 2003 when it was awarded ECOC 08. The average economic growth is actually above that of the UK itself. Besides bringing considerable economic gains, Liverpool ECOC 08 has enabled investment; specifically in those projects that promote social cohesion as well as those that promote cultural activity on a grassroots level. Projects whose job is to redevelop central parts of Liverpool are increasingly becoming prominent. Paradise Street is one such part which is being developed at a cost of 800 million pounds. The benefits of this project include the creation of four thousand permanent jobs mainly in the retailing sector. Merseyside has not been left behind as private investment has been on a rapid increase, and there is a 30% increase in the investors who have shown interest in putting up investments there as announced by Mersey Partnership, a group that has been on the fore front pushing for this cause. This in turn translates to an increment in job creation and subsequently more employment opportunities. Potential investors have been flocking Liverpool to get a chance to do business in the wake of the Liverpool ECOC 08 award. The housing sector is among the greatest beneficiaries. The investors in this sector have been making supernormal profits given the fact that property prices have risen by 10 percent. This indeed is a considerable increase and the implication is that profits have also gone up by the same margin if not more. This has been brought about by speculation which has kept these prices going up (Eisinger, 2000. p. 36). This sector is experiencing speculative purchases and this is the main factor which has been driving prices up. The success story of Liverpool is attributed to the report called ‘socio-economic assessment impact’ plan which was drafted way before the city won the bid. This impact assessment would be put in place in the event of Liverpool winning the bid, which it did, and therefore it started from a point of advantage having anticipated and prepared enough for the sudden change of status and the way business would be conducted afterwards. This report had as principal focus assessment of the economic impact the award would bring to Liverpool, Merseyside including the North West region. It focuses on what the culture is able to make in terms of the urban competitiveness, critical mass in culture sport which are the basic requirements for the city as well as the national economy to be competitive. The report undertook a detailed analysis on the trends of employment industries and creative culture based in the city (Duffy Hutchinson, 1997, p. 40. The increase in investors in Liverpool has had the positive impact of the creation of 32,000 new jobs which had been projected in the report. These jobs are mainly in the cultural as well as the creative industries. This has been successful as a result of trend growth. Liverpool is a shining example of economic success. This is so because the city had been going through economic recession prior to the late 1990s when its council’s senior management had to be radically reorganized and attention was shifted to addressing the issue of economic decline which had been the case for over 30 years. The driving force to this sudden change of things was as the result of a study called the ‘Liverpool – Manchester Vision Study’ which sought to find a solution to the woes that had been facing these cities for a long time (Cochrane, Peck Tickell, 1996, pp. 3-79). The ultimate solution to this would be to draft a legacy which includes all the stakeholders, more specifically in the tourism sector where everybody had to be brought on board. Liverpool’s renaissance draws heavily from a policy agenda which is pro-growth in orientation but the problem with this renaissance is that the distribution of resources is unequal. This explai ns the rather odd fact that the poorest people in the UK are to be found in Merseyside (Evans, 2003, p. 83). These are families who earn less than 10,000 pounds per year. The council authorities in Liverpool should not lose focus neither let go of the opportunity presented by the award so as to draw up legacies that will help spur socio – economic growth. This should be done with the aim of raising the standards of living for these people, especially those of Merseyside. On the social impacts, the local people have shown an increase of interest in cultural activities and as a result almost all creative artists are local. These local artists account for 90 percent of the total number of artists that the city has, with only 10 percent coming from outside Liverpool (Landry, 2000, p. 72). This city has an encouraging record when it comes to cultural innovation but it has a very long way to go because it still has the worst cases of inequalities in the entire UK. This seems to be getting some attention because in re-branding the city, an attempt has been made to address such inequalities as well as poverty and as a result multiculturalism as well as ethnic diversity has been adopted (Cheshire, 1990. p. 39). A god example of this inequality is the Somali community in the range of 2500-300 living in Liverpool and despite their continued stay they still can not speak, write or read English (Atkinson, 2003, pp 67-95). This clearly is an indication that they have not been included in the council’s programmes and certainly something has to be done to bring them on board for purposes of cultural diversity. For a solution, the local council and the government should make it a priority to bring improvements that are sustainable and long term. This is a picture of the cultural aspects that shape the cultural and social landscape of the diverse people of the city of Liverpool. Liverpool is undergoing re-branding and therefore it needs to be on the watch out for contradictions that are likely to emerge. These developments have not had much of a negative impact on the environment as pollution has been contained. The advantage is that the city has been cleaner than before, an effort that has been put so as to attract more investors and to promote tourism. Conclusion Future ECOC cities need to draw from the example of Liverpool and draw comparisons with the big success of Glasgow in order to draw realistic objectives for the development of their cities economically, culturally, socially and industrially. This is the only way through which these cities can be sure of a future legacy. This formula has worked before and its implementation should not be very difficult if the objectives that they set are realistic. In drawing their objectives, future ECOC cities should thoroughly assess their potentials, weigh their options and get their priorities right to avoid some of the shortcomings that Liverpool has been experiencing as a result of emphasizing too much on some areas and giving others little attention. The environment should be a major consideration in policy-making. The topic of environment has been the ‘Achilles heel’ of many industrialists and this signifies the importance it should be accorded. There should be regulations on how industrial waste should be disposed of in order to avoid polluting the environment, for the safety of all. The government must ensure that the city sustains this kind of industrial growth and increase its efforts towards the coexistence of the different communities for faster growth and development. The cities that aspire to be ECOC cities should do a lot especially in the areas of cultural diversity and regeneration so as to achieve this goal.

Opportunities Within The Vietnamese Market Marketing Essay

Opportunities Within The Vietnamese Market Marketing Essay This report conducts researches and analyzes the opportunities and risks of developing chocolate business in Vietnam in the respect of economic, political, legal, social, cultural, geographical and climatic environment. Moreover, the report evaluates the conditions by rating them as low, medium and high level. After analyzing the detailed factors in Vietnam, the opportunities outweigh risks to a large extent, especially the open trade policy including supporting foreign investment, which leads to further recommendations that Vietnam should be reflected as the potential market to expand chocolate business for Swiss manufacturer and it is feasible to set up factory. Vietnam has experienced market-oriented economic reforms since 1986, which gave rise to speedy economic development. Over the period of 1991 to 2005, GDP growth rate in Vietnam achieved around 7.9% (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008). In the mean time, Vietnamese economy has become one of Asian largest economies with nominal GDP of $ 436 billion and $92.439 billion in 2009. According to the Vietnam Living Standard Survey (VLSS) conducted by the GSO every two years, the average income per person in Vietnam in 2006 was VND636,000 per month or VND7.63 million per year, an increase of 31.3% from 2004 (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008), which was on account of the countrys excellent economic performance. On this condition, the Vietnamese are able to buy more consumer goods even high-priced products like fair trade chocolate because increasing disposable incomes mean advancing purchasing capability to a certain degree. Over the past ten years, there were a serious of new trade policies issued to intensify trade liberalization atmosphere and the key aspects are as follows: Firstly, restrictions on quantitative import products have been dismantled to a large extent (on all products except sugar and petroleum products); secondly, due to meaningful cutback in tariffs, the level of regional protectionism has been reduced; thirdly, the obstructions on foreign direct investment (FDI) has been released; finally, government inspired private-sector to take part in foreign trade and set up business ventures (Athukorala, P-C, 2006). Moreover, on November 7, 2006, Vietnam joined the WTO being the 150th Member of the WTO with primary trading partners such as China, Japan, Australia, ASEAN (the Association of South East Asian Nations) countries, the U.S. and Western European countries. There are improvements in two main areas: In service, Vietnam is committed to removing the limits on foreign ownership in most sectors but this can be phased out in different stages; in trading rights, the WTO commitments declare that all domestic and foreign firms have full rights to import and export under the same registration procedures. Trading rights also include the right to distribute imported products in Vietnams territory and the right to choose local distributors (Tien Quang Tran, T. Q., 2008). Consequently, there are less obstructions for Swiss chocolate manufacturer to build manufactory and extend services in Vietnam. More significantly, Swiss producer is able to cooperate with local private-sectors like material suppliers, which endows it with more bargain power due to the favourable trade policies. 2.1.3 Encouragement of foreign investment (high level) Since the early stage of renovation reforms, the Vietnamese government has realized the significant role of FDI for economic transition and development. In recent years, the government is collecting helpful information to bring down the barriers weakened the attraction of FDI and make further step to improve Vietnams investment climate by leading regular semi-annual meetings,. On 1 July 2006, a new law called Investment Law issued by the National Assembly came into effect. The law was put forward with the view of treating the investment activities of both foreign and domestic investors uniformly and inducing a new wave of foreign investment (Tran, T. Q., 2008). Furthermore, the Investment Law is essential to establish more open investment climate and integrate into the international market to meeting WTO principles such as the most-favoured nation, and publicity and transparency principles. Over the past three years, foreign investment in Vietnam grew approximate threefold than the past (Tran, T. Q., 2008). For example, Microsoft and Intel invested 10 million in Vietnam respectively, the Swiss Banks developed shipping industry by financing one billion U.S. dollars, and Taiwans Hon Hai Group contributed 5 billion U.S. dollars in Vietnam to create Hong Haidi country. According to statistics from Vietnams foreign investment administration department, the scale of FDI has reached 160 billion in 2007, with growth rate of 57% compared with 102 billion dollars in 2006. Under these circumstances, there could be more space and opportunities for Swiss fair trade chocolate manufacturer to open up new market in Vietnam on account of less legal restrictions and more encouragement from local government. In addition, when Swiss manufacturer comes up against difficulties, it is necessary for local government to spare no effort to stretch support hand. 2.1.4 Expanding distribution channels (medium level) Since Vietnam entered into the WTO, supermarkets/hypermarkets turn to be principal distribution channels with wide variety of products and a pleasant shopping experience instead of small grocery retailers. For instance, a company called Saigon Nguyen Kim (Sai Gon-Nguyen Kim) opened one shopping center CMC Square in Ho Chi Minh City. CMC Square covers an area of 4,000 square meters, which is able to receive tens of thousands of customers per day. It will be the flagship store among the existing 9 branches which located in the capital Hanoi, Can Tho, Da Nang and Binh Duong Province and other cities. At the moment, the investigation shows that the sales of chocolate confectionery were increasingly sold via supermarkets/hypermarkets (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). More importantly, chocolate is one kind of food which has high requirement for temperature, therefore, the advanced storage condition such as operating air-conditions will contribute t o prolong its storage period and ensure its delicious taste. 2.1.5 Labour cost (medium level) The labour cost in Vietnam is in low level compared with other Asian countries like China. On the one hand, this is an advantage for Swiss chocolate producer to set up manufactory, which is an important factor in saving cost and enables Swiss manufacturer to invest more in promote technical equipments and personnel training. 2.2 Liberalisation in Political Environment (medium level) Until December 2007, Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. In recent years, the government of Vietnam has taken initiatives to locking in domestic (unilateral) liberalisation reforms by committing itself to play an active role in regional, bilateral and multilateral trade liberalisation initiatives (Athukorala, P-C, 2006). This kind of political environment with freedom and open-mind creates democratic business atmosphere for Swiss chocolate producer. Besides, as shown in a enterprise survey conducted by World Bank, it seems that Vietnam has a better ranking compared to all other Asian countries like China and Thailand (Tran, T. Q., 2008, p. 1193). In a word, the stable political situation and high level of security help to bring about low risk for Swiss manufacturer. 2.3 Social and Cultural Aspect 2.3.1 Open attitude to foreign cultures and brands (high level) Beginning from the 1990s, Vietnam has been exposed to foreign cultures like Southeast Asian, European and American culture. Under this influence, local customers are prefer to purchase foreign brands and they consider that international goods own higher quality than local brands with their established names (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). In recent years, many famous foreign brands have entered the market, including Giordano, Levi, Valentino, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Calvin Klein, LOreal and Shiseido. Clothes, handbags, perfumes and cosmetics have enjoyed an annual growth rate of 30% in the Vietnamese market. At the same time, the number and value of imported cars and motorbikes in Vietnam has increased significantly as a result of a decrease in the import tariff on cars from 90% to 60%. Vietnam imported 28,000 cars in 2007, of which 5,000 cars were imported in December at a value of USD73 million (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor In ternational, 2008, p.2). In view of the current tendency, Swiss fair trade chocolate is able to seize market share due to its high reputation with long history and fantastic taste. 2.3.2 Promotion by public media (medium level) Public media especially TV play important role in transmitting foreign culture and increasing awareness of international brands. Almost 95% of Vietnamese households now have electricity connections compared to only 50% in the early 1990s. Vietnamese people like to watch television in their spare time. In rural areas, people usually visit each other after work to have dinner, talk and enjoy television programs (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p.17). Vietnamese can acquire sufficient information regarding the advantages of chocolate. As the promotion by public media, Vietnamese consumers normally purchased chocolate as a gift for a special occasion such as Tet Holidays, birthdays and especially Valentines Day (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). Moreover, it is more popular that they even consume chocolate as daily consumption goods. 2.3.3 Customers preference of luxury goods (medium level) Some of Vietnamese consumers often shop expensive products even unnecessary to their daily life to define their role and social class in the community to distinguish from other people (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p. 2-2). Especially, the newly emerging affluent classes in Vietnam want to establish themselves as connoisseurs of fashion and use the ownership of foreign brands to show off their wealth and status (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p. 2-1). This phenomenon is beneficial to Swiss chocolate to become popular consumer items. 2.3.4 Majority of teens (medium-high level) As shown in Table 2, people aged 10-24 years are in the majority for many years with approximate 30-31% of the total population due to the uncontrolled birth rate of the 1970s and 1980s (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p. 3-1). In 2007, there were 12.7 million teens in Vietnam. Table 2 Population by Age and Gender (% analysis and % growth): 1995/2007/2015/1995-2007/2007-2015 Source: National statistics, UN, Euromonitor International This teens group are more sensitive to external factors such as fashion trends from other countries which will exert great effect on their choice of clothes, hairstyle and snacks. One the one hand, some of them are still students whose parents give pocket money to, hence, they can make some of their own decisions on what to buy or what to eat. On the other hand, some of them may have started to work to earn their own income and already have adequate purchasing power to decide what to buy. Therefore, this target customer group will be the limitless resources for Swiss chocolate producer to explore. 2.4 Proximity to China and Thailand (medium level) It is bordered by China to the north and close to Thailand as well. The geographical position could attract large numbers of tourists especially those are from China and Thailand. On the situation, there are huge potential customers who may purchase Swiss fair trade chocolate when they are appealed to the exquisite design combined with local specialty. 3 RISKS IN VIETNAM 3.1 Incomplete Tariff Structure Reform (medium level) Over the past years, although Vietnamese government has made significant development in market economy such as rationalizing the tariff structure, the tariffs are still at high level and non-uniform (Athukorala, P-C, 2006), which means that if Swiss manufacturer produces chocolates offshore and transports them to Vietnam, it may take higher cost than producing in Vietnam. 3.2 Legal Aspect 3.2.1 Insufficient protection of intellectual property rights (medium-high level) Vietnam has devoted to protect intellectual property rights (IPR) in these years including integrating itself with APEC cooperation activities in the intellectual property area implemented through the APEC Intellectual Property Rights Experts Group (IPEG) (Nha Trang, 2007, p.5). Nevertheless, as shown in Table 3, there is still inadequate emphasis on the protection of IPR and the number of companies which have registered industrial property only account for 25% over all of operating companies. In addition, the activities of IP infringement are turning more frequent and increasingly complex. Under this kind of circumstance, there are almost no Vietnamese companies to set up IP departments or appoint commissioners to take charge of managing companies IP assets. As a result, when Swiss producer enters into Vietnam market, it is inevitable to be in the face of the risk of tort and possible that there is no enough legal support. Table 3 Software Piracy Rates by Countries Source from: Business Software Alliance (BSA) and IDC Global Software Piracy Study, 2005 3.2.2 Less corruption than other Asian countries (medium level) In Vietnam there are about 50% of companies are likely to bribe such as giving gifts to tax inspectors. However, corruption is less and the amount and value of bribe is lower than other Asian countries including China and Thailand. In particular, senior managers in Vietnam have to spend about six percent of their weekly time in dealing with the requirements of government regulations (Tran, T. Q., 2008). Whats more, there is high confidence for enterprises paying lower costs for security and crime owning to the advanced legal system in Vietnam. Consequently, this corruption may not impose too much negative influence on the businesses and investments of Swiss chocolate manufacturer. 3.3 Social and Cultural Aspect 3.3.1 Customer with price-conscious (medium level) Some of Vietnamese consumers were very price-conscious and they may cut back expenditure when they are against recession period. More important, fair trade chocolate is more expensive than normal one, which may be labeled as an unessential luxury goods. Accordingly, they may ignore the high-price goods to save their money (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.1). 3.3.2 Intensive competition (high level) Internal competition Currently, there are two dominant chocolate companies in Vietnam Nestlà © Vietnam Ltd and Mars Vietnam Inc, which has set up stable prestige with well-known chocolate brands such as MMs, Mars, Goplana and KitKat. In 2008, Nestlà © Vietnam Ltd took up 10% share of value sales in chocolate confectionery, and Mars Vietnam Inc took second position with only 0.1% behind Nestlà ©. They enjoyed the advantages of first mover, and are more experienced than local manufacturers in this category (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). Moreover, Belcholat JSC experienced the largest increase in actual value sales at VND8.1 billion in 2008. On the fact of this, it is difficult for Swiss manufacturer to occupy adequate large market share compared with its competitors, especially Nestlà © is from Switzerland as well. External competition There are various local sweet and savoury snacks and sugar confectionery such as chips/crisps, snack bars and fruit snacks in Vietnam, which means that Swiss producer faces high threat of substitutes. Local manufacturers have more experience in making appetizing snacks with diversified taste, sizes and prices satisfying different customers (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). On this condition, it is possible for fair trade chocolate to lose large market share to these snacks in the niche segment due to its high price and the demands for alternatives options will increase more than chocolate (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.3). 3.4 Unstable Weather (medium level) Vietnams climate is Subtropical monsoon with large rainfall and high humidity, and the weather is unsteady especially in the mountains and plateaus which may be 5  Ã‚ °C in December and January and 37  Ã‚ °C in July and August, and the average annual temperature is higher in the plains and in the south. In particular, in recent period, the temperature in winter is higher than before. The changing weather exerts negative impact on producing and storing up chocolate for manufacturers. 4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION After the first step of analysis of Vietnam, firstly, at the aspect of economic environment, on the one hand, it is visible that the open economic environment with increasing disposable incomes and expanding distribution channels will give positive influence on building chocolate market for Swiss enterprise. In particular, the increasing relaxed and open-minded trade policies including encouraging foreign investment illustrate that there is less unfair treatment for foreign companies and when they face such one they could ask help for government and law with more opportunities to solve problems. On the other hand, the tariff structure reform is still on the way and there are a lot of disadvantages and irrationality. By measuring the pros and cons, it is considered that the opportunities in economic aspect have great weigh than risks. Secondly, in terms of social and cultural surroundings, Vietnam culture is affected by foreign culture largely in recent years, especially the teenagers accounting for the majority of Vietnam population are willing to accept international fashion and brands, with the aid of public medias propaganda. Although there are some Vietnam are still traditional price-conscious, more and more people could afford and be glad to purchase luxury goods to orientate their social position. However, the fierce competition in Vietnam chocolate business is a huge risk for Swiss manufacturer who is later mover because it should take long period to set up its social prestige and be difficult to compete with these first movers. As a result, it is necessary to weigh the opportunities and risks further. Thirdly, the dramatic weather exert negative impact on setting up manufactory because chocolate is one kind of the temperature-sensitive snakes. It will take more costs to produce chocolate and keep them in storage. Nevertheless, combined with other factors such as tariff and labour cost, it may be cost-saving in Vietnam than in other Asian countries. Hence, after doing research on Vietnam climate and geography, it is advocated that Swiss chocolate company could establish factory in north of Vietnam and in plain and it should take more effort to consider the exact position of manufactory in the next step. In a word, by weighing the opportunities and risks mentioned above, Vietnam is still a potential market for Swiss chocolate enterprise to expand service and set up plant. Certainly, it should make further effort to explore the feasibility by conducting more marketing investigation.